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Researchers at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) have identified a high-energy, high-power sodium-ion hybrid battery capable of charging in just a few seconds. The system integrates anode materials commonly used in batteries with cathodes suitable for supercapacitors.
Sodium-ion energy storage systems have garnered much attention for their higher safety, raw material costs and environmental credentials compared to the ubiquitous lithium-ion batteries. However, this technology is likely to be able to compete with existing technologies only when costs are reduced by improving technical performance, establishing supply chains and achieving economies of scale.
There are two types of sodium ion energy storage systems: sodium ion batteries and sodium ion capacitors. The former are disadvantaged by their poor rechargeability due to their low power density, while they provide a relatively high energy density. The latter, on the other hand, have a high power density, but an extremely low energy density. Hence, the combination of capacitor-type cathodes and battery-type anodes in sodium-ion hybrid energy storage (SIHES) cells has been an area of ??active research, bringing together the best of both worlds.
Now, KAIST researchers have presented a strategy to create SIHES systems with ultra-high energy density and rapid recharge. They have used two different metal-organic structures for the optimized synthesis of hybrid batteries.
Their method allowed the development of an anode material with improved kinetics by including fine active materials in porous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks. Furthermore, a high-capacity cathode material was synthesized, and the combination of the cathode and anode materials allowed the development of a SIHES system, optimizing the balance and minimizing disparities in energy storage rates between the electrodes.
Researchers have reported that the newly developed hybrid exceeds the energy density of commercial lithium-ion batteries and exhibits the power density characteristics of supercapacitors.
Specifically, SIHES demonstrated an energy density of 247 Wh/kg and a fast recharge power density of 34,748 W/kg, exceeding battery-type reactions by more than 100 times. It also demonstrated cycle stability, with Coulombic efficiency around 100% over 5,000 charge and discharge cycles.
KAIST researchers envision broad applications for their new SIHES technology, from electric vehicles to smart electronic devices and aerospace technologies.
Their results are presented in the article “ Low-crystallinity conductive multivalence iron sulfide-embedded S-doped anode and high-surface-area O-doped cathode of 3D porous N-rich graphitic carbon frameworks for high-performance sodium-ion hybrid energy storages ” (Low-crystallinity conductive multivalent iron sulfide-embedded S-doped anode and high-area O-doped cathode of 3D porous N-rich graphitic carbon structures for high-performance sodium-ion hybrid energy storages), recently published in Energy Storage Materials . |
